Docker学习笔记

Sunmy Lv5
  2023-06-30 16:56:57 2023-06-30 16:56:57 创建   2025-06-29 21:05:24 2025-06-29 21:05:24 更新      16.2k 字  93 分钟  

Docker安装

环境准备

1、linux基础

2、Cetnos7

3、MobaXterm连接

安装Docker

环境查看

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# 系统内核
[name@cetnos7 ~]$ uname -r
3.10.0-1160.31.1.el7.x86_64
[name@cetnos7 ~]$ uname -r
3.10.0-1160.31.1.el7.x86_64
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# 系统版本
[root@cetnos7 name]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

安装

官方文档https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

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# 1、卸载旧的版本
yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
          
# 2、需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils

# 3、设置镜像仓库
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  
# 更新软件包
yum makecache fast

# 4、安装docker相关内容
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 5、启动docker
systemctl start docker

# 6、使用docker version验证是否成功

image-20210616182704213-20220801230503-iv3inme.png

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# 7、hello-world
docker run hello-world

image-docker-2.png

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# 8、查看镜像
[root@cetnos7 name]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB

卸载docker

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# 9、卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 10、删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

阿里云镜像加速

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sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://rojd6brn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

Docker常用命令

帮助命令

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docker version			# 显示docker的版本信息
docker info 			# 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docke 命令 --help			# 帮助命令

帮助文档地址 https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images

查看所有本地主机上的镜像

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[root@cetnos7 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY	镜像的仓库源
TAG			镜像的标签
IMAGE ID	镜像的id
CREATED		镜像的创建时间
SIZE		镜像的大小

# 可选项

  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs

搜索镜像

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[root@cetnos7 docker]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10999     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4165      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   815                  [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   544       [OK]
phpmyadmin                        phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   240       [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   88
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   86
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                   [OK]
bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      52                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         44
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                   [OK]
prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              39                   [OK]
tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35
linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   30
schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   29                   [OK]
centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   20
circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   20
mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   19
arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      17                   [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   13                   [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6
devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                    [OK]
jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   1
widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   1                    [OK]

# 可选项

  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output

[root@cetnos7 docker]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10999     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4165      [OK]

docker pull

下载镜像

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# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@cetnos7 docker]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	# 如果不写tag，默认就是latest最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Pull complete		# 分层下载，docker image的核心，联合文件系统
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete
951da7386bc8: Pull complete
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete
16415d159dfb: Pull complete
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969		# 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest		# 真实地址
# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists
1651b0be3df3: Already exists
951da7386bc8: Already exists
0f86c95aa242: Already exists
37ba2d8bd4fe: Already exists
6d278bb05e94: Already exists
497efbd93a3e: Already exists
a023ae82eef5: Pull complete
e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete
e887524d2ef9: Pull complete
ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi

删除镜像

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[root@cetnos7 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
tomcat        latest    c43a65faae57   4 weeks ago    667MB
mysql         5.7       2c9028880e58   5 weeks ago    447MB
mysql         latest    c0cdc95609f1   5 weeks ago    556MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB
# [root@cetnos7 docker]# docker rmi -f 容器ID		# 删除指定容器
# [root@cetnos7 docker]# docker rmi -f 容器ID 容器ID 容器ID		# 删除多个容器
# [root@cetnos7 docker]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)		# 删除全部容器
[root@cetnos7 docker]# docker rmi -f 2c9028880e58		# 删除指定容器
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Deleted: sha256:2c9028880e5814e8923c278d7e2059f9066d56608a21cd3f83a01e3337bacd68
Deleted: sha256:c49c5c776f1bc87cdfff451ef39ce16a1ef45829e10203f4d9a153a6889ec15e
Deleted: sha256:8345316eca77700e62470611446529113579712a787d356e5c8656a41c244aee
Deleted: sha256:8ae51b87111404bd3e3bde4115ea2fe3fd2bb2cf67158460423c361a24df156b
Deleted: sha256:9d5afda6f6dcf8dd59aef5c02099f1d3b3b0c9ae4f2bb7a61627613e8cdfe562

容器命令

==说明==：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个cetnos镜像来测试学习

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docker pull cetnos

新建容器并启动

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docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"	容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d				后台方式运行
-it				使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p				指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p	ip:主机端口
	-p	主机端口:容器端口（常用）
	-p	容器端口
	容器端口
-P				随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@cetnos7 docker]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@88d08d3e888b /]# ls		# 查看容器的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@88d08d3e888b /]# exit
exit
[root@cetnos7 docker]# ls
daemon.json  key.json
[root@cetnos7 docker]# cd ../
[root@cetnos7 etc]# cd ../
[root@cetnos7 /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所有运行的容器

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# docker ps		# 列出当前正在运行的容器
	-a			# 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
	-q			# 只显示容器的编号
	-n=?		# 显示最近创建的容器
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
88d08d3e888b   centos         "/bin/bash"              5 minutes ago   Exited (130) 3 minutes ago             thirsty_galileo
a11f1465cda9   centos         "/bin/bash --name=ce…"   6 minutes ago   Exited (2) 6 minutes ago               mystifying_poincare
89e468b92efe   d1165f221234   "/hello"                 15 hours ago    Exited (0) 15 hours ago                hungry_euclid
ea0927bcd5bd   d1165f221234   "/hello"                 15 hours ago    Exited (0) 15 hours ago                heuristic_bhaskara
24251067d1b7   d1165f221234   "/hello"                 22 hours ago    Exited (0) 22 hours ago                laughing_wescoff
e49b069aabc4   d1165f221234   "/hello"                 35 hours ago    Exited (0) 35 hours ago                keen_wiles

[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps -qa
88d08d3e888b
a11f1465cda9
89e468b92efe
ea0927bcd5bd
24251067d1b7
e49b069aabc4
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
88d08d3e888b   centos    "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Exited (130) 8 minutes ago             thirsty_galileo
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps -a -n=2
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
88d08d3e888b   centos    "/bin/bash"              10 minutes ago   Exited (130) 8 minutes ago             thirsty_galileo
a11f1465cda9   centos    "/bin/bash --name=ce…"   11 minutes ago   Exited (2) 11 minutes ago              mystifying_poincare

退出容器

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exit			# 容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q	# 容器不停止退出

删除容器

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docker rm 容器id 					# 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的，强制删除需要rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)	 # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps -aq
88d08d3e888b
a11f1465cda9
89e468b92efe
ea0927bcd5bd
24251067d1b7
e49b069aabc4
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker rm 88d08d3e888b
88d08d3e888b
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps -aq
a11f1465cda9
89e468b92efe
ea0927bcd5bd
24251067d1b7
e49b069aabc4
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
a11f1465cda9
89e468b92efe
ea0927bcd5bd
24251067d1b7
e49b069aabc4
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps -aq
[root@cetnos7 /]#

启动和停止容器的操作

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docker start 容器id		# 启动容器
docker restart 容器id		# 重启容器
docker stop 容器id		# 停止当前正在运行容器
docker kill 容器id		# 强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器
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# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker run -d centos
1c58ce5ef8c38480f280be84a071083c8515d2aab90d5796078160fe22434e52
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@cetnos7 /]#
# 问题 docker ps 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

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[root@cetnos7 /]# docker logs --help
Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps	# 时间戳
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

# 编写脚本
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo sun1;sleep 1;done"
a01aa4045648b5d9c22e88038eea9117e718fde7281ed48af5ce81e23e7c528e

# 查看容器
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a01aa4045648   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             festive_montalcini

# 显示日志
# -tf 				# 显示日志
# --tail number 	# 显示日志条数
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a01aa4045648
2021-06-17T02:17:13.845995409Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:14.849198894Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:15.850829523Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:16.853976336Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:17.857956862Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:18.860741444Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:19.864721492Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:20.869478161Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:21.871854909Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:22.885784515Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:23.889363112Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:24.891500188Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:25.893458493Z sun1
2021-06-17T02:17:26.895170299Z sun1
^C
[root@cetnos7 /]#

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器

查看容器中的进程信息

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# 命令 docker inspect 容器ID
# docker top 容器id
[root@cetnos7 /]# docker top a01aa4045648
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                34921               34901               0                   10:16               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo sun1;sleep 1;done
# UID 用户ID 
# PID 父ID 
# PPID 进程ID

查看镜像的元数据

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[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker inspect --help

Usage:  docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]

Return low-level information on Docker objects

Options:
  -f, --format string   Format the output using the given Go template
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes if the type is container
      --type string     Return JSON for specified type
[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS        PORTS     NAMES
a01aa4045648   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   22 hours ago   Up 22 hours             festive_montalcini
[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker inspect a01aa4045648
[
    {
        "Id": "a01aa4045648b5d9c22e88038eea9117e718fde7281ed48af5ce81e23e7c528e",
        "Created": "2021-06-17T02:16:20.011138636Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo sun1;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 34921,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-06-17T02:16:20.531700464Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a01aa4045648b5d9c22e88038eea9117e718fde7281ed48af5ce81e23e7c528e/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a01aa4045648b5d9c22e88038eea9117e718fde7281ed48af5ce81e23e7c528e/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a01aa4045648b5d9c22e88038eea9117e718fde7281ed48af5ce81e23e7c528e/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a01aa4045648b5d9c22e88038eea9117e718fde7281ed48af5ce81e23e7c528e/a01aa4045648b5d9c22e88038eea9117e718fde7281ed48af5ce81e23e7c528e-json.log",
        "Name": "/festive_montalcini",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/595aafe31004009a057801602665f36723c7621a6d03c0226e24bcb32daf3f74-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dbe0863967eda16db79356c5aa892895ef73d0afee2ecec4b52c209393f16103/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/595aafe31004009a057801602665f36723c7621a6d03c0226e24bcb32daf3f74/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/595aafe31004009a057801602665f36723c7621a6d03c0226e24bcb32daf3f74/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/595aafe31004009a057801602665f36723c7621a6d03c0226e24bcb32daf3f74/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "a01aa4045648",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo sun1;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "0ac4d097a0a96512343c9f0ab1d35891554162b4f52c3aa738b331bdad059560",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0ac4d097a0a9",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "6381bb14df541826bde3d8464cb5c3ee733788a41e1e03cca6625435ab3aa2d3",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "eea50bf7ae4003415c3271a588d18d786750f08cefd87476f11d22e06d38c433",
                    "EndpointID": "6381bb14df541826bde3d8464cb5c3ee733788a41e1e03cca6625435ab3aa2d3",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@cetnos7 ~]#

进入当前正在运行的容器

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# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 方式一 以交互方式进入后台
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash

# 测试
[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS        PORTS     NAMES
a01aa4045648   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   22 hours ago   Up 22 hours             festive_montalcini
[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker exec -it a01aa4045648 /bin/bash
[root@a01aa4045648 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@a01aa4045648 /]#

# 方式二
docker attach 容器ID
[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker attach --help

Usage:  docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container

Options:
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --no-stdin             Do not attach STDIN
      --sig-proxy            Proxy all received signals to the process (default true)

# 测试
[root@cetnos7 ~]# docker attach a01aa4045648
sun1
sun1
# 进入正在执行的当前代码

# docker exec		# 进入容器后打开一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# docker attach 	# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

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docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的地路径
# 查看主机现有文件
[root@centos7 home]# ll
总用量 4
drwx------. 17 name name 4096 6月  18 09:30 name
-rw-r--r--.  1 root    root       0 6月  18 10:51 sun.java

# 进入容器
[root@centos7 home]# docker attach 6d8882478a04
[root@6d8882478a04 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@6d8882478a04 /]# cd home
[root@6d8882478a04 home]# ls

# 容器内创建文件
[root@6d8882478a04 home]# touch test.java
[root@6d8882478a04 home]# ls
test.java
[root@6d8882478a04 home]# exit
exit
[root@centos7 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@centos7 home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
6d8882478a04   centos    "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 6 seconds ago               inspiring_taussig
a01aa4045648   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   25 hours ago    Exited (255) 4 minutes ago             festive_montalcini
1c58ce5ef8c3   centos    "/bin/bash"              25 hours ago    Exited (0) 25 hours ago                mystifying_cannon

# 从容器内复制文件到主机上
[root@centos7 home]# docker cp 6d8882478a04:/home/test.java /home
[root@centos7 home]# ls
name  sun.java  test.java
[root@centos7 home]#

小结

image-docker-3.png

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attach			# 当前shell下attach连接到指定镜像环境中
build			# 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit			# 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp				# 从容器中拷贝文件到宿主机中
create			# 创建一个新的容器，同run但不启动容器
diff			# 查看docker容器话
events			# 从docker服务获取容器实时事件
export			# 到处容器的内容作为一个tar归档文件对应import
history			# 站是一个镜像形成历史
images			# 列出系统当前镜像
info			# 显示系统相关信息
inspect			# 查看容器详细信息
kill			# kill指定docker容器
load			# 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像对应save
login			# 注册或登录一个dockers源服务器
logout			# 从当前Dockers registry退出
logs			# 输出当前容器日志信息
port			# 查看映射端口对应容器内部源端口
pause			# 暂停容器
ps				# 列出容器列表
pull			# 从docker镜像服务器拉取指定镜像
push			# 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart			# 重启运行的容器
rm				# 移除一个或多个容器
rmi				# 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可以删除，否则需删除相关内容]
run				# 创建一个新的荣光其并运行一个命令
save			# 保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]
search			# 在docker hub中搜索镜像
start			# 启动容器
stop			# 停止容器
tag				# 给源中镜像打标签
top				# 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause			# 取消暂停容器
version			# 查看docker版本号
wait			# 截取容器停止时的退出状态值

练习

Nginx

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# 1、搜索镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        15026     [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2038                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   814                  [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager           Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   200
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   147
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp                Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   130                  [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager        Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        119                  [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp                    NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou…   99                   [OK]
bitnami/nginx                      Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      98                   [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp             Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI…   90                   [OK]
nginxdemos/hello                   NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   70                   [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine        PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al…   55                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress                NGINX and  NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo…   55
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged        Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  38
staticfloat/nginx-certbot          Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo…   23                   [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect           A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   19                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter    NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN…   18
centos/nginx-112-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   15
centos/nginx-18-centos7            Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   13
raulr/nginx-wordpress              Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f…   13                   [OK]
bitwarden/nginx                    The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r…   11
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller   Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr…   9                    [OK]
mailu/nginx                        Mailu nginx frontend                            8                    [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb    An APB to deploy NGINX                          2                    [OK]
wodby/nginx                        Generic nginx                                   1                    [OK]

# 2、拉取镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
69692152171a: Pull complete
30afc0b18f67: Pull complete
596b1d696923: Pull complete
febe5bd23e98: Pull complete
8283eee92e2f: Pull complete
351ad75a6cfa: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6d75c99af15565a301e48297fa2d121e15d80ad526f8369c526324f0f7ccb750
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

# 3、查看镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    d1a364dc548d   3 weeks ago    133MB
centos       latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago   209MB

# 4、启动镜像
# -d 后台运行
# --name 运行镜像别名
# -p 宿主机端口：容器端口 联通宿主机还有容器对应的端口
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 8080:80 nginx
bc781c453438558d384b5b8977862dc75c53889addbe69f0080345cf7220e3b4
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
bc781c453438   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   nginx01
# 5、测试
[root@centos7 ~]# curl localhost:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

# 6、进入容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
bc781c453438   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   nginx01
[root@centos7 ~]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@bc781c453438:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@bc781c453438:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@bc781c453438:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d  fastcgi_params  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
root@bc781c453438:/etc/nginx#

# 7、从容器中退出
root@bc781c453438:/etc/nginx# exit
exit
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
bc781c453438   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   nginx01

# 8、停止容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker stop bc781c453438
bc781c453438
[root@centos7 ~]#

image-docker-4.png

端口暴露的概念

image-dcoker-5.png

Tomcat

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# 官方使用
# --rm 用完即删除 适合测试环境
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
Unable to find image 'tomcat:9.0' locally
9.0: Pulling from library/tomcat
d960726af2be: Pull complete
e8d62473a22d: Pull complete
8962bc0fad55: Pull complete
65d943ee54c1: Pull complete
da20b77f10ac: Pull complete
8669a096f083: Pull complete
e0c0a5e9ce88: Pull complete
f7f46169d747: Pull complete
215575e3a745: Pull complete
6b282851d654: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9f502a5c7bafd4e1953dba4e77f9347c9211f987902ab8668a34997178f9bcd0
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:9.0
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/openjdk-11
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS:  --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.472 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name:   Apache Tomcat/9.0.48
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.483 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Jun 10 2021 09:22:01 UTC
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.483 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 9.0.48.0
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.483 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.484 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.10.0-1160.31.1.el7.x86_64
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.484 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          amd64
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.484 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             /usr/local/openjdk-11
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.484 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           11.0.11+9
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.484 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.484 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         /usr/local/tomcat
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.484 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         /usr/local/tomcat
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.494 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.494 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.495 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.496 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.496 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.498 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.508 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.30] using APR version [1.6.5].
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.508 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true], UDS [true].
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.508 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
19-Jun-2021 02:06:50.521 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1d  10 Sep 2019]
19-Jun-2021 02:06:51.333 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
19-Jun-2021 02:06:51.400 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [1396] milliseconds
19-Jun-2021 02:06:51.534 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
19-Jun-2021 02:06:51.534 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.48]
19-Jun-2021 02:06:51.560 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
19-Jun-2021 02:06:51.606 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [206] milliseconds
^C19-Jun-2021 02:07:34.809 INFO [Thread-2] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.pause Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
19-Jun-2021 02:07:34.828 INFO [Thread-2] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal Stopping service [Catalina]
19-Jun-2021 02:07:34.838 INFO [Thread-2] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.stop Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
19-Jun-2021 02:07:34.877 INFO [Thread-2] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
[root@centos7 ~]# ^C

# 查找运行中容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
bc781c453438   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   29 minutes ago   Exited (137) 13 minutes ago             nginx01
6d8882478a04   centos    "/bin/bash"              23 hours ago     Exited (0) 23 hours ago                 inspiring_taussig
a01aa4045648   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   2 days ago       Exited (255) 23 hours ago               festive_montalcini
1c58ce5ef8c3   centos    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago       Exited (0) 2 days ago                   mystifying_cannon
[root@centos7 ~]#

# 1、下载镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
Digest: sha256:9f502a5c7bafd4e1953dba4e77f9347c9211f987902ab8668a34997178f9bcd0
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
tomcat       9.0       5505f7218e4d   2 days ago     667MB
tomcat       latest    5505f7218e4d   2 days ago     667MB
nginx        latest    d1a364dc548d   3 weeks ago    133MB
centos       latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago   209MB

# 2、启动容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat
bb20b849a7ce6719ae9f6e6278d97fc2eeb43c3fceb1a22f8fabe649f3b20efa
[root@centos7 ~]#

# 3、测试访问没有问题

# 4、进入容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bas
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat# ll
bash: ll: command not found
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE  NOTICE  README.md  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  bin  conf  lib  logs  native-jni-lib  temp  webapps  webapps.dist  work
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat#

# 5、发现问题，Tomcat被阉割，没有linux命令，webapps
# 原因是阿里云镜像最小安装删除不必要东西

root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE  NOTICE  README.md  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  bin  conf  lib  logs  native-jni-lib  temp  webapps  webapps.dist  work
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd ..
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
root@bb20b849a7ce:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps#

image-20210619102330523-20220801230504-9ury3c1.png

Es+Kibana

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# ElasticSearch 暴露端口太多
# ElasticSearch 十分耗内存
# ElasticSearch 的数据一般需要放置到安全目录？挂载
# --net somenetwork 网络配置
docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2

# 启动了，Linux变卡，docker stats 查看内存CPU状态
[root@centos7 ~]#docker stats
CONTAINER ID   NAME            CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT    MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O        PIDS
575e2e354c4a   elasticsearch   0.34%     1005MiB / 1.777GiB   55.23%    656B / 0B   1.53GB / 131MB   41


# 测试是否成功
[root@centos7 ~]# curl localhost:9200
{
  "name" : "575e2e354c4a",
  "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
  "cluster_uuid" : "rsauTenDTca7UhjJZPABig",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.6.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "docker",
    "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
    "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
[root@centos7 ~]#
# 关闭、增加内存限制，修改配置文件 -e
docker run -d --name elasticsearch01 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
# 测试
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch03 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
15b88d7c7446553c132efda007c36ef94da06e6f4b5ed2ba0a17f9af30d5f4c6
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
15b88d7c7446   elasticsearch:7.6.2   "/usr/local/bin/dock…"   4 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch03
[root@centos7 ~]# docker stats
CONTAINER ID   NAME              CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O    PIDS
15b88d7c7446   elasticsearch03   0.05%     251.3MiB / 1.777GiB   13.82%    656B / 0B   136MB / 0B   19
CONTAINER ID   NAME              CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O    PIDS
15b88d7c7446   elasticsearch03   0.05%     251.3MiB / 1.777GiB   13.82%    656B / 0B   136MB / 0B   19
CONTAINER ID   NAME              CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O    PIDS
15b88d7c7446   elasticsearch03   99.81%    272.8MiB / 1.777GiB   14.99%    656B / 0B   140MB / 0B   19
^C
[root@centos7 ~]#

ES 和 Kibana怎么互联

image-docker-5.png

可视化

==Portainer==

Docker图形化界面管理工具

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[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d -p 19000:9000 --name=portainer --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer-ce:latest

Unable to find image 'portainer/portainer:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from portainer/portainer
94cfa856b2b1: Pull complete
49d59ee0881a: Pull complete
a2300fd28637: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fb45b43738646048a0a0cc74fcee2865b69efde857e710126084ee5de9be0f3f
Status: Downloaded newer image for portainer/portainer:latest
17ed1c084c4aa422c97d307f9489bc45d64ade996dceaf307a43f21e41f10a09
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
17ed1c084c4a   portainer/portainer   "/portainer"             2 minutes ago    Up 2 minutes    0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp, :::8088->9000/tcp                                              naughty_lehmann
15b88d7c7446   elasticsearch:7.6.2   "/usr/local/bin/dock…"   56 minutes ago   Up 56 minutes   0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch03

访问，密码：portainer

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http://192.168.52.180:8088/#/init/admin
S05141123l@211

image-docker-8.png

image-docker-9.png

image-docker-10.png

==Rancher==

portainer忘记密码如何重置

https://www.cnblogs.com/A1999/p/15993682.html

  1. 查看所有容器,包括未运行的
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docker ps -a
  1. 找到Portainer对应信息
  2. 停止Portainer容器
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docker stop portainerid

我这里就应该是

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docker stop 507566f7086e
  1. 找到Portainer容器挂载信息
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docker inspect  portainerid

我这里就应该是

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docker inspect 507566f7086e

找到这个信息"Source":“xxx”

  1. 执行命令重置密码
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docker run --rm -v /dockerpath:/data portainer/helper-reset-password
我这里应该是
docker run --rm -v /mnt/docker/portainer:/data portainer/helper-reset-password

现在admin登录的密码就为：4~!15SlshwmY#89FpcRE06u{HL2(_Z:

6.启动容器,输入用户名密码就可以登录

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docker start  portainerid
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docker start 507566f7086e

7.修改Portainer登录密码

Gitlab

docker部署

部署

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docker run -itd \
-p 19980:80 \
-p 19922:22 \
-u root \
-v /data/docker/gitlab/data/log:/var/log/gitlab \
-v /data/docker/gitlab/data/opt:/var/opt/gitlab \
-v /data/docker/gitlab/data/etc:/etc/gitlab \
--restart=unless-stopped \
--name=gitlab \
gitlab/gitlab-ce

创建网络

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指定网络部署

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docker run -itd \
-p 19980:80 \
-p 19922:22 \
--network custom_network --ip 172.20.0.100 \  # 请确保这个 IP 地址在你的网络中没有冲突
-u root \
-v /data/docker/gitlab/data/log:/var/log/gitlab \
-v /data/docker/gitlab/data/opt:/var/opt/gitlab \
-v /data/docker/gitlab/data/etc:/etc/gitlab \
--restart=unless-stopped \  # 推荐使用 unless-stopped 替代 always
--name=gitlab \
gitlab/gitlab-ce

查看root初始密码

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Docker镜像

镜像是什么

加载原理

UnionFS(联合文件系统)

分层下载

分层理解

commit 镜像

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## 提交镜像为一个新的副本
docker commit

## 命令
docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者" 容器ID 目标镜像名:[TAG]

实战测试

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## 启动默认tomcat
docker run -it -p 8080:8080 tocat
ctrl + p + q
docker exec -it 容器ID

# 发现webapps下没有文件
# 拷贝文件到webapps
cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps

# 提交
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
6868cb5454ee   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   12 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   hardcore_ardinghelli
# 打包提交镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker commit -a="sun" -m="add webapps app" 6868cb5454ee tomcat02:1.0
sha256:61485aa8d509c59e71125e3d29fb65f11e20cb661edfd0939470eadffd288cde
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
tomcat02              1.0       61485aa8d509   5 seconds ago   672MB
tomcat                9.0       5505f7218e4d   3 days ago      667MB
tomcat                latest    5505f7218e4d   3 days ago      667MB
redis                 latest    fad0ee7e917a   2 weeks ago     105MB
nginx                 latest    d1a364dc548d   3 weeks ago     133MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   3 months ago    79.1MB
centos                latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago    209MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   15 months ago   791MB
[root@centos7 ~]#

容器数据卷

什么是容器数据卷

总结：容器的持久化和同步！容器间也是可以数据共享的

使用数据卷

方法一：直接使用命令来挂载 -v

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docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录

[root@centos7 ~]# cd /home
[root@centos7 home]# ls
name  sun.java  test.java

# 使用命令挂载
[root@centos7 home]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
[root@d7bd1e6e693f /]# cd /home
[root@d7bd1e6e693f home]# ls
[root@d7bd1e6e693f home]# [root@centos7 home]#
[root@centos7 home]# ls
ceshi  name  sun.java  test.java
[root@centos7 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
d7bd1e6e693f   centos    "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes                                               flamboyant_gates
6868cb5454ee   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   17 hours ago    Up 17 hours    0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   hardcore_ardinghelli

# 查看相关信息
[root@centos7 home]# docker inspect d7bd1e6e693f
[
    {
        "Id": "d7bd1e6e693fc22f3db7734798b63c2eade1a7154a84b354661d3c546bc7718a",
        "Created": "2021-06-21T01:08:46.218734547Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4149,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-06-21T01:08:48.057350529Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7bd1e6e693fc22f3db7734798b63c2eade1a7154a84b354661d3c546bc7718a/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7bd1e6e693fc22f3db7734798b63c2eade1a7154a84b354661d3c546bc7718a/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7bd1e6e693fc22f3db7734798b63c2eade1a7154a84b354661d3c546bc7718a/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7bd1e6e693fc22f3db7734798b63c2eade1a7154a84b354661d3c546bc7718a/d7bd1e6e693fc22f3db7734798b63c2eade1a7154a84b354661d3c546bc7718a-json.log",
        "Name": "/flamboyant_gates",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/home/ceshi:/home"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/711e9edb5aeec3c26ec8889f1c0879e6454012a527c73ec12d3a27a6f28298e0-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dbe0863967eda16db79356c5aa892895ef73d0afee2ecec4b52c209393f16103/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/711e9edb5aeec3c26ec8889f1c0879e6454012a527c73ec12d3a27a6f28298e0/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/711e9edb5aeec3c26ec8889f1c0879e6454012a527c73ec12d3a27a6f28298e0/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/711e9edb5aeec3c26ec8889f1c0879e6454012a527c73ec12d3a27a6f28298e0/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        # 挂载
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/ceshi",
                "Destination": "/home",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d7bd1e6e693f",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "5dde2a555d6ebe590a4cab2cc07ccac80e49289b0565d8c15a04b99ef5853765",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/5dde2a555d6e",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "608816e6eca9c267896e7254e97246a02ecbcb955148eddfe96e2dc6fb53856f",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2dc7231034028aab340034b6ff968fc0b71a79f04e5db48c916ac2b79d48476e",
                    "EndpointID": "608816e6eca9c267896e7254e97246a02ecbcb955148eddfe96e2dc6fb53856f",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@centos7 home]#

image-docker-11.png

image-20210621104854490

实战：安装MySQL
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# 获取镜像
[root@centos7 ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists 
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 
951da7386bc8: Pull complete 
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete 
a023ae82eef5: Pull complete 
e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete 
e887524d2ef9: Pull complete 
ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@centos7 ~]# 

# 官方测试
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag

# 运行容器需要做数据挂载， 安装MySQL配置密码为：123456
# -d 后台运行
# -p 开放端口
# -v 数据挂载
# -e 环境配置，配置密码
# --name 重命名
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
db66837b45da8131de849b47d9bd0e90c52f4e1a8b11494ad0e31bb1e408516b
[root@centos7 ~]#

连接测试

image-20210621162103825-20220801230504-imvacll.png

本地创建数据库测试

image-20210621162623201-20220801230504-k3qe6zz.png

具名挂载匿名挂载
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# 匿名挂载
# -v 容器内路径
[root@centos7 mysql]# docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
f04206577f07e886fbffaaa65add7af434fecfacd82c56b9d22b1e252983f59b
[root@centos7 mysql]# docker volume

Usage:  docker volume COMMAND

Manage volumes

Commands:
  create      Create a volume
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more volumes
  ls          List volumes
  prune       Remove all unused local volumes
  rm          Remove one or more volumes

Run 'docker volume COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
# 查看所有volume 情况，匿名挂载（只写了容器内部路径，没有外部路径）
[root@centos7 mysql]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     aa55538068166b2b900c9447c7a26d8f89866213e35b0b65eced751bab761cb5
local     c49dfa6ae87d3401c54e7f7b3d9aee03ada33dac5bf28fe19847defb2a2b2e19
[root@centos7 mysql]# 

# 具名挂载 
# -v 卷名:容器内路径
[root@centos7 home]# docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
305679aa5ab8a41a506bc06d1065dd639d1687d20f292e7db786efc60c0fe257
[root@centos7 home]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     juming-nginx
[root@centos7 home]# 

# 查看卷的位置
[root@centos7 home]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2021-06-21T16:46:08+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
        "Name": "juming-nginx",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]
[root@centos7 home]# 
# 所有挂载的卷都存在/var/lib/docker/volumes/xxx/_data
如何确定具名挂载、匿名挂载、指定路径挂载
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# 如何确定具名挂载、匿名挂载、指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径				# 匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径			   # 具名挂载
-v /宿主机路径:容器内路径		 # 指定路径挂载

拓展

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# 通过-v 容器内路径:ro / rw 改变读写情况
:ro	readonly	# 只读
:rw	readwrite	# 可读可写
[root@centos7 _data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
[root@centos7 _data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx

# ro 只要看到ro就说明这个路径只能通过宿主机来操作，容器内部是无法操作的

方法二：Dockerfile

dockerfile就是

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# 编写dockerfile文件，名字随机，建议dockerfile
# 文件中内容 指令（大写） 参数
FROM centos

VOLUME ["/volume01"]

CMD echo "----end----"
CMD /bin/bash
# 这里的每个命令都是镜像的一层
[root@centos7 docker-test-volume]# docker build -f /home/docker-test-volume/dockerfile1 -t sun-centos:1.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
 ---> Running in b36b79463beb
Removing intermediate container b36b79463beb
 ---> e71eafd862d1
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "----end----"
 ---> Running in 02491f2242ee
Removing intermediate container 02491f2242ee
 ---> dc91e948c128
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in bc87399b42b0
Removing intermediate container bc87399b42b0
 ---> a6f24aa84bbd
Successfully built a6f24aa84bbd
Successfully tagged sun-centos:1.0
[root@centos7 docker-test-volume]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
sun-centos            1.0       a6f24aa84bbd   8 seconds ago   209MB
tomcat02              1.0       61485aa8d509   25 hours ago    672MB
tomcat                9.0       5505f7218e4d   4 days ago      667MB
tomcat                latest    5505f7218e4d   4 days ago      667MB
redis                 latest    fad0ee7e917a   2 weeks ago     105MB
nginx                 latest    d1a364dc548d   3 weeks ago     133MB
mysql                 5.7       2c9028880e58   5 weeks ago     447MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   3 months ago    79.1MB
centos                latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago    209MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   15 months ago   791MB
[root@centos7 docker-test-volume]# 
# 运行容器
[root@centos7 docker-test-volume]# docker run -it 7d80e12c9a4b /bin/bash
[root@010849c53365 /]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Jun 22 03:39 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jun 22 03:39 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 189 root root   0 Jun 22 03:39 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jun 20 08:21 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4  2020 var
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Jun 22 03:39 volume1
[root@010849c53365 /]# cd volume1/
[root@010849c53365 volume1]# ls
[root@010849c53365 volume1]# touch container.txt
[root@010849c53365 volume1]# ls
container.txt
[root@010849c53365 volume1]# 

# 查看挂载位置
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS              POR
010849c53365   fd96f4121255   "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago    Up About a minute  
6f6ed0914c11   fd96f4121255   "/bin/bash"   49 minutes ago   Up 49 minutes  
[root@centos7 ~]# docker inspect 010849c53365
[
    {
        "Id": "010849c533651fbcf17685e23cd9a0334cb5a3de227d73780d0e0d0cfff73586",
        "Created": "2021-06-22T03:39:31.568552243Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 12832,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-06-22T03:39:32.96622469Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:fd96f41212555eefb88d461ee204bb87f0549c3b3c707bb4d8fa71c2e51
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/010849c533651fbcf17685e23cd9a0
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/010849c533651fbcf17685e23cd9a033
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/010849c533651fbcf17685e23cd9a0334cb
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/010849c533651fbcf17685e23cd9a0334cb5a73586-json.log",
        "Name": "/eager_mirzakhani",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f50fba6d9d1be7b03cd4e0f5a7f5d179356c5aa892895ef73d0afee2ecec4b52c209393f16103/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f50fba6d9d1be7b03cd4e0f5a7f5d
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f50fba6d9d1be7b03cd4e0f5a7f5d1
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f50fba6d9d1be7b03cd4e0f5a7f5d1b
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "9e3b0fdaaa5d64a9911c2600aee6b0ecda1f26efc8598056a361ea860cf
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/9e3b0fdaaa5d64a9911c2600aee6b0ecd
                "Destination": "/volume1",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "010849c53365",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "fd96f4121255",
            "Volumes": {
                "/volume1": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "ba03c4ece79e4dc6486fdbefd41b1027d4ed45fbfb52f96dd625b94e7e
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ba03c4ece79e",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "68b6affc5b24788b8b0cd59956fcdbf74d15333153a93beb5d87758a4
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2dc7231034028aab340034b6ff968fc0b71a79f04e5db48c91
                    "EndpointID": "68b6affc5b24788b8b0cd59956fcdbf74d15333153a93beb5
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/9e3b0fdaaa5d64a9911c2600aee6b0ecda1f26e
[root@centos7 _data]# ls
container.txt
[root@centos7 _data]#

数据卷容器

多个MySQL同步数据

image-20210622154718480-20220801230504-91pyrj8.png

==测试==，3个同步

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# 启动第一个容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
sun/centos            1.0       fd96f4121255   5 hours ago     209MB
tomcat02              1.0       61485aa8d509   47 hours ago    672MB
tomcat                9.0       5505f7218e4d   5 days ago      667MB
tomcat                latest    5505f7218e4d   5 days ago      667MB
redis                 latest    fad0ee7e917a   2 weeks ago     105MB
nginx                 latest    d1a364dc548d   3 weeks ago     133MB
mysql                 5.7       2c9028880e58   5 weeks ago     447MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   3 months ago    79.1MB
centos                latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago    209MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   15 months ago   791MB
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -it --name docker01 fd96f4121255
[root@21e6fb0d15cd /]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Jun 22 07:22 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jun 22 07:22 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 185 root root   0 Jun 22 07:22 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jun 20 08:21 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4  2020 var
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Jun 22 07:22 volume1
[root@21e6fb0d15cd /]# 
# 启动第二个容器
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -it --name docker02 --volumes-from docker01 sun/centos:1.0
[root@9c8e6cb85c3f /]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Jun 22 07:25 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jun 22 07:25 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 186 root root   0 Jun 22 07:25 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jun 20 08:21 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4  2020 var
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Jun 22 07:22 volume1
[root@9c8e6cb85c3f /]#

容器同步数据，删除docker01之后，数据依然存在

image-20210622153303293-20220801230504-4mcr7pn.png

多个MySQL实现数据共享

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[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7

[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7

DockerFile

DockerFile介绍

dockerfile是用来构建docker镜像的主要工具

  1. 编写docker file文件
  2. docker build 构建镜像
  3. docker run运行镜像
  4. docker push发布镜像

image-20210622164648546-20220801230504-7ittz0h.png

image-20210622164718336-20220801230504-73eqjwm.png

DockerFile构建过程

DockerFile指令

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FROM			# 基础镜像，一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER		# 镜像是谁写的，姓名+邮箱
RUN 			# 镜像构建的时候运行的命令
ADD				# 步骤；Tomcat镜像，这个Tomcat压缩包！添加内容
WORKDIR			# 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME			# 挂载的目录
EXPOST			# 暴露端口配置
CMD				# 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT		# 制定这个容器启动时候运行的命令，可以追加命
ONBUILD			# 当构建一个被继承dockerfile这时候运行ONBUILD的指令，触发指令
COPY			# 类似ADD，将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV				# 构建的时候设置环境变量

image-20210622170415805-20220801230504-ju8j9yp.png

实战cebtos测试

Dockerhub上多数镜像都是从这个基础镜像过来的FROM scratch

image-20210622170956986-20220801230504-mp0tr7p.png

==创建自己的centos==

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# 编写dockerfile文件
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /home
[root@centos7 home]# ls
ceshi  docker-test-volume  name  mysql  sun.java  test.java
[root@centos7 home]# mkdir dockerfile
[root@centos7 home]# cd dockerfile/
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# ls
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# vim mydockerfile
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# cat mydockerfile 
FROM centos
MAINTAINER sun<EMAIL@qq.com>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local

WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum install vim
RUN yum install net-tools

EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD "====END===="
CMD /bin/bash
# 开始构建
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile -t mycentos:0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER sun<EMAIL@qq.com>
 ---> Running in 739b57131710
Removing intermediate container 739b57131710
 ---> 29ad5f97ca5b
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in 1d7ee28b2250
Removing intermediate container 1d7ee28b2250
 ---> ddf6af18fc09
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Running in 40a1b3882030
Removing intermediate container 40a1b3882030
 ---> a546b4765636
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in 75a3034c74ba
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      4.5 MB/s | 7.5 MB     00:01  
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                         895 kB/s | 2.6 MB     00:02  
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                          12 kB/s | 9.6 kB     00:00  
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Tue Jun 22 09:29:31 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-17.el8             appstream       39 k
 vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      6.3 M
 vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream       48 k
 which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               baseos          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm        137 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00  
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 486 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00  
(3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm              72 kB/s |  49 kB     00:00  
(4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.3 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:01  
(5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm    5.9 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:01  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           3.4 MB/s | 7.8 MB     00:02   
warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      166 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00  
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64  
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64     

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 75a3034c74ba
 ---> 1255cabbbf83
Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
 ---> Running in fa9d065790b6
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:28 ago on Tue Jun 22 09:29:31 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8       baseos       322 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 322 k
Installed size: 942 k
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm   395 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           258 kB/s | 322 kB     00:01   
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 

Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                             

Complete!
Removing intermediate container fa9d065790b6
 ---> 322759aa809c
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in e970b836aa84
Removing intermediate container e970b836aa84
 ---> 509ce133ae12
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
 ---> Running in 41bd2f1f7a2f
Removing intermediate container 41bd2f1f7a2f
 ---> 3cbf69399d4b
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "====END===="
 ---> Running in 62af383c922e
Removing intermediate container 62af383c922e
 ---> cef3ff258ffa
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in d719cbfbb9f5
Removing intermediate container d719cbfbb9f5
 ---> ef11becad48a
Successfully built ef11becad48a
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# 

# 验证测试
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
mycentos              0.1       ef11becad48a   About a minute ago   295MB
sun/centos            1.0       fd96f4121255   7 hours ago          209MB
tomcat02              1.0       61485aa8d509   2 days ago           672MB
tomcat                9.0       5505f7218e4d   5 days ago           667MB
tomcat                latest    5505f7218e4d   5 days ago           667MB
redis                 latest    fad0ee7e917a   2 weeks ago          105MB
nginx                 latest    d1a364dc548d   3 weeks ago          133MB
mysql                 5.7       2c9028880e58   5 weeks ago          447MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   3 months ago         79.1MB
centos                latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago         209MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   15 months ago        791MB
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker run -it mycentos:0.1
# 默认工作目录
[root@e09c800665d1 local]# pwd
/usr/local
# 测试ifconfig
[root@e09c800665d1 local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.4  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:04  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 8  bytes 656 (656.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# 测试vim
[root@e09c800665d1 local]# vim test

# 查看构建过程
[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mycentos              0.1       ef11becad48a   18 minutes ago   295MB
sun/centos            1.0       fd96f4121255   7 hours ago      209MB
tomcat02              1.0       61485aa8d509   2 days ago       672MB
tomcat                9.0       5505f7218e4d   5 days ago       667MB
tomcat                latest    5505f7218e4d   5 days ago       667MB
redis                 latest    fad0ee7e917a   2 weeks ago      105MB
nginx                 latest    d1a364dc548d   3 weeks ago      133MB
mysql                 5.7       2c9028880e58   5 weeks ago      447MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   3 months ago     79.1MB
centos                latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago     209MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   15 months ago    791MB
[root@centos7 ~]# docker history ef11becad48a
IMAGE          CREATED          CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
ef11becad48a   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B  
cef3ff258ffa   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B  
3cbf69399d4b   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B  
509ce133ae12   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B  
322759aa809c   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             24.9MB  
1255cabbbf83   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim                   60.7MB  
a546b4765636   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B  
ddf6af18fc09   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B  
29ad5f97ca5b   19 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER sun<EMAIL…   0B  
300e315adb2f   6 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B  
<missing>      6 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B  
<missing>      6 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:bd7a2aed6ede423b7…   209MB   
[root@centos7 ~]#

==CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别==

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CMD				# 指定这个容器启动的时候运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT		# 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令

测试CMD

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[root@centos7 dockerfile]# touch cmdfile
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# vim cmdfile 
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# ls
cmdfile  mydockerfile
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# cat cmdfile 
FROM centos

CMD ["ls","-a"]
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker build -f cmdfile -t cmdtest .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in c26847036d1d
Removing intermediate container c26847036d1d
 ---> da2d7b4985a1
Successfully built da2d7b4985a1
Successfully tagged cmdtest:latest
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker run -it da2d7b4985a1
.   .dockerenv	dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin	sys  usr
..  bin		etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv	tmp  var

# 想追加一个命令-l ls -al
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker run da2d7b4985a1 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.

# CMD的清理下，-l替换了CMD["ls","-a"]命令，-l不是命令所以报错
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker run da2d7b4985a1 ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jun 23 02:52 .
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jun 23 02:52 ..
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   0 Jun 23 02:52 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 340 Jun 23 02:52 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jun 23 02:52 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 188 root root   0 Jun 23 02:52 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jun 20 08:21 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4  2020 var
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# 


# 测试 ENTRYPOINT
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# vim dockerfile-entrypoint
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# cat dockerfile-entrypoint 
FROM centos

ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-entrypoint -t docker-entrypoint-test .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 8dcb269c923b
Removing intermediate container 8dcb269c923b
 ---> 8524617105fd
Successfully built 8524617105fd
Successfully tagged docker-entrypoint-test:latest
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker run 8524617105fd
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
[root@centos7 dockerfile]# docker run 8524617105fd -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jun 23 02:59 .
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jun 23 02:59 ..
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   0 Jun 23 02:59 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 340 Jun 23 02:59 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jun 23 02:59 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 188 root root   0 Jun 23 02:59 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jun 20 08:21 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4  2020 var
[root@centos7 dockerfile]#

实战Tomcat测试

  1. 准备tomcat，jdk压缩包

image-20210623172859393-20220801230504-25dcjwo.png

  1. 编写dockerfile文件，Dockerfile官方命名，
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[root@centos7 tomcat]# touch readme.txt
[root@centos7 tomcat]# vim Dockerfile
[root@centos7 tomcat]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM centos

MAINTAINER sun<EMAIL@qq.com>

COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt

ADD jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.48.tar.gz /usr/local/

RUN yum -y install vim

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_291
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48

ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

EXPOSE 8080

CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48/bin/logs/catalina.out
[root@centos7 tomcat]#
  1. 构建镜像
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[root@centos7 tomcat]# docker build -t diytomcat .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  156.4MB
Step 1/15 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/15 : MAINTAINER sun<EMAIL@qq.com>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 29ad5f97ca5b
Step 3/15 : COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
 ---> 35c9e0c265bd
Step 4/15 : ADD jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
 ---> 7f5622c3b39f
Step 5/15 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.48.tar.gz /usr/local/
 ---> ccb0ac77da86
Step 6/15 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in 421a061a716d
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      2.1 MB/s | 7.5 MB     00:03  
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                         1.7 MB/s | 2.6 MB     00:01  
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                          11 kB/s | 9.6 kB     00:00  
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-17.el8             appstream       39 k
 vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      6.3 M
 vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream       48 k
 which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               baseos          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm        217 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00  
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 771 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00  
(3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             197 kB/s |  49 kB     00:00  
(4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.6 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00  
(5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm    2.1 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:03  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           1.8 MB/s | 7.8 MB     00:04   
warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00  
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64  
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64     

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 421a061a716d
 ---> f88663230bd4
Step 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in b29e7feb8197
Removing intermediate container b29e7feb8197
 ---> f88b3b6b9fc4
Step 8/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Running in e322ebc34b34
Removing intermediate container e322ebc34b34
 ---> d4ccfa95cba3
Step 9/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_291
 ---> Running in 7f7849cc8d4f
Removing intermediate container 7f7849cc8d4f
 ---> ddd14b26fae7
Step 10/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
 ---> Running in 87d807a16cae
Removing intermediate container 87d807a16cae
 ---> 15f6402f5a54
Step 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48
 ---> Running in cee8a00cd2db
Removing intermediate container cee8a00cd2db
 ---> 1c582cbd31c7
Step 12/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48
 ---> Running in 290c5f06ce92
Removing intermediate container 290c5f06ce92
 ---> 3caea79d33e8
Step 13/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
 ---> Running in 79f38c96cd90
Removing intermediate container 79f38c96cd90
 ---> caf7b868665f
Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Running in 499d5b411319
Removing intermediate container 499d5b411319
 ---> 1ed395c4db26
Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48/bin/logs/catalina.out
 ---> Running in 08a268721b7c
Removing intermediate container 08a268721b7c
 ---> 82452044925f
Successfully built 82452044925f
Successfully tagged diytomcat:latest
[root@centos7 tomcat]# docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
diytomcat                latest    82452044925f   About a minute ago   646MB
docker-entrypoint-test   latest    8524617105fd   7 hours ago          209MB
cmdtest                  latest    da2d7b4985a1   7 hours ago          209MB
mycentos                 0.1       ef11becad48a   25 hours ago         295MB
sun/centos               1.0       fd96f4121255   31 hours ago         209MB
tomcat02                 1.0       61485aa8d509   3 days ago           672MB
tomcat                   9.0       5505f7218e4d   6 days ago           667MB
tomcat                   latest    5505f7218e4d   6 days ago           667MB
redis                    latest    fad0ee7e917a   3 weeks ago          105MB
nginx                    latest    d1a364dc548d   4 weeks ago          133MB
mysql                    5.7       2c9028880e58   6 weeks ago          447MB
portainer/portainer      latest    580c0e4e98b0   3 months ago         79.1MB
centos                   latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago         209MB
elasticsearch            7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   15 months ago        791MB
[root@centos7 tomcat]#
  1. 启动镜像
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[root@centos7 tomcat]# docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name suntomcat1 -v /home/name/build/tomcat/testwebapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48/webapps/test -v /home/name/build/tomcat/tomcatlogs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.48/logs diytomcat
1172d133897813cbf1731037a3b0b52353e7f83b0d6a2adac7ad265c0b1d87fa
[root@centos7 tomcat]# docker exec -it 1172d133897813cbf17 /bin/bash
[root@1172d1338978 local]# ll
bash: ll: command not found
[root@1172d1338978 local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.48  bin  etc	games  include	jdk1.8.0_291  lib  lib64  libexec  readme.txt  sbin  share  src
[root@1172d1338978 local]#

  1. 访问测试

image-20210624084416988-20220801230504-pheekcl.png

  1. 发布项目
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

</web-app>
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!<br/>
<%
System.out.println("----my test web log----");
%>
</body>
</html>

image-20210624084334177-20220801230504-2jvsd67.png

  1. 项目测试

image-20210624084135720-20220801230504-wtjdqu5.png

image-20210624084204822-20220801230504-g9szldr.png

发布自己的镜像

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[root@centos7 /]# docker login --help

Usage:  docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]

Log in to a Docker registry.
If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.

Options:
  -p, --password string   Password
      --password-stdin    Take the password from stdin
  -u, --username string   Username
 # 登录账号 密码 S05141123l
 [root@centos7 home]# docker login -u name
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@centos7 home]# 
# 错误
The push refers to repository [docker.io/sun/diytomcat]
An image does not exist locally with the tag: sun/diytomcat

# 解决
[root@centos7 home]# docker tag 82452044925f sun/tomcat:1.0
[root@centos7 home]# docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
diytomcat                latest    82452044925f   16 hours ago    646MB
sun/tomcat               1.0       82452044925f   16 hours ago    646MB
docker-entrypoint-test   latest    8524617105fd   23 hours ago    209MB
cmdtest                  latest    da2d7b4985a1   23 hours ago    209MB
mycentos                 0.1       ef11becad48a   40 hours ago    295MB
sun/centos               1.0       fd96f4121255   47 hours ago    209MB
tomcat02                 1.0       61485aa8d509   3 days ago      672MB
tomcat                   9.0       5505f7218e4d   7 days ago      667MB
tomcat                   latest    5505f7218e4d   7 days ago      667MB
redis                    latest    fad0ee7e917a   3 weeks ago     105MB
nginx                    latest    d1a364dc548d   4 weeks ago     133MB
mysql                    5.7       2c9028880e58   6 weeks ago     447MB
portainer/portainer      latest    580c0e4e98b0   3 months ago    79.1MB
centos                   latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago    209MB
elasticsearch            7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   15 months ago   791MB
[root@centos7 home]# 

# push到dockerhub
[root@centos7 home]# docker tag diytomcat name/tomcat-diy
[root@centos7 home]# docker push name/tomcat-diy:latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/name/tomcat-diy]
f3da40fad94f: Pushed 
002600359583: Pushed 
792c4cae176c: Pushed 
9b177b322da8: Pushed 
2653d992f4ef: Pushed 
latest: digest: sha256:f0c2dd722b385a82e211e519b4ec328d8b862fa85bd5ff5419c1aceecb44700b size: 1373

小结

image-20210624205850191-20220801230504-u1umuin.png

Docker网络

image-20210624210846843-20220801230504-5enzvio.png

三个网络

  1. 运行容器
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[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat
27479ed0d31c714c0a76bf554b4c0b1c8d9f54778833b7ed951828c2c95869e4
  1. 查看ip
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[root@centos7 ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
88: eth0@if89: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  1. 查看是否ping通
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[root@centos7 ~]# ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.197 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.132 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.079 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
^C
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4021ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.056/0.106/0.197/0.052 ms
[root@centos7 ~]# 
# linux可以ping通容器内部
  1. 启动容器2测试
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[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat02 tomcat
9d9c3ec767ddc56f30daa0d00eb525661baee2cb3c79426d233d0bfcb7f919eb
[root@centos7 ~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
90: eth0@if91: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@centos7 ~]#
  1. 分析

image-20210624215427521-20220801230504-hdk0lrf.png

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# 我们发现容器带来网卡都是一对的
veth-pair 就是一对虚拟设备接口，成对出现，一段连着协议，一段彼此相连
正因为这个技术，veth-pair充当一个桥梁，连接各种虚拟网络设备

==测试tomcat01和tomcat02是否可以ping通==

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[root@centos7 ~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.239 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.078 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms
^C
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.078/0.159/0.239/0.066 ms
[root@centos7 ~]#
  1. 网络模型

image-20210624220545879-20220801230504-0dc945a.png

小结

image-20210624220622191-20220801230504-nd3efgl.png

docker中网络都是虚拟的，虚拟转发效率高（内网传递文件）只要删除容器，对应网桥一对就没了

  • 标题: Docker学习笔记
  • 作者: Sunmy
  • 创建于 : 2023-06-30 16:56:57
  • 更新于 : 2025-06-29 21:05:24
  • 链接: https://ldspdvsun.github.io/cmchvp8g00028h0gb27px8yf8/
  • 版权声明: 版权所有 © Sunmy，禁止转载。
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目录
Docker学习笔记
  1. Docker安装
    1. 环境准备
    2. 安装Docker
      1. 环境查看
      2. 安装
      3. 卸载docker
      4. 阿里云镜像加速
  2. Docker常用命令
    1. 帮助命令
    2. 镜像命令
      1. docker images
      2. docker search
      3. docker pull
      4. docker rmi
    3. 容器命令
      1. 新建容器并启动
      2. 列出所有运行的容器
      3. 退出容器
      4. 删除容器
      5. 启动和停止容器的操作
      6. 常用其他命令
        1. 后台启动容器
      7. 查看日志
      8. 查看容器中的进程信息
      9. 查看镜像的元数据
      10. 进入当前正在运行的容器
      11. 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
      12. 小结
  3. 练习
    1. Nginx
    2. Tomcat
    3. Es+Kibana
    4. 可视化
      1. portainer忘记密码如何重置
    5. Gitlab
      1. docker部署
  4. Docker镜像
    1. 镜像是什么
    2. 加载原理
    3. 分层理解
    4. commit 镜像
  5. 容器数据卷
    1. 什么是容器数据卷
    2. 使用数据卷
      1. 方法一：直接使用命令来挂载 -v
        1. 实战：安装MySQL
        2. 具名挂载匿名挂载
        3. 如何确定具名挂载、匿名挂载、指定路径挂载
      2. 方法二：Dockerfile
    3. 数据卷容器
      1. 多个MySQL实现数据共享
  6. DockerFile
    1. DockerFile构建过程
    2. DockerFile指令
    3. 实战cebtos测试
    4. 实战Tomcat测试
    5. 发布自己的镜像
    6. 小结
  7. Docker网络
  8. 小结